Transplant Care

Introduction

Introduction to Transplant Care

Non-communicable (chronic) diseases (NCDs) impose a substantial burden on health-care systems, economies, quality of life, employment status and social activities1

Chronic Kidney Disease

700 million Estimated global prevalence of CKD2

~735,000 Deaths globally due to CKD3

151-232/million population Estimated Prevalence of ESRD in India4
1.5 billion Estimated global prevalence of chronic liver disease5

2 million global liver disease–related deaths5

259,749 liver disease deaths in India6

18.3% Global liver disease - related deaths in 20157

Organ transplantation could be the best therapy for terminal and irreversible organ failure8

  • Organ transplantation
    • improves patient survival1
    • improves quality of life1
    • has a beneficial impact on public health and the socio-economic burden of organ failure1
    • Renal transplantation increases patient survival over dialysis9

    References:

    1. Vanholder R, Domínguez-Gil B, Busic M, et al. Organ donation and transplantation: a multi-stakeholder call to action. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2021;17(8):554-568. doi:10.1038/s41581-021-00425-3
    2. Cockwell P, Fisher LA. The global burden of chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):662-664. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32977-0. Epub 2020 Feb 13. 
    3. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2095–128
    4. Modi G, Jha V. Incidence of ESRD in India. Kidney Int. 2011;79:573
    5. Moon AM, Singal AG, Tapper EB. Contemporary epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;18:2650-2666
    6. Mishra D, Dash KR, Khatua C, et al. A Study on the Temporal Trends in the Etiology of Cirrhosis of Liver in Coastal Eastern Odisha. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2020;10(1):1-6. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1312
    7. Mokdad AA, Lopez AD, Shahraz S, et al. Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis. BMC Med 2014;18:145
    8. Grinyó JM. Why is organ transplantation clinically important?. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2013;3(6):a014985. Published 2013 Jun 1. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a014985
    9. Kaballo MA, Canney M, O'Kelly P, Williams Y, O'Seaghdha CM, Conlon PJ. A comparative analysis of survival of patients on dialysis and after kidney transplantation. Clin Kidney J. 2018;11(3):389-393. doi:10.1093/ckj/sfx117

    About Transplantation

    About Transplantation1

    Transplantation is a surgical procedure in which tissue or an organ is transferred from one area of a person’s body to another area, or from one person (the donor) to another person (the recipient).1

    Types of Transplant1

    1. Autograft: Using one’s own tissue
    2. Allograft: Transplant of an organ between two genetically non identical individuals
    3. Isograft: Transplant of organ/tissue from a donor to genetically identical recipient
    4. Xenograft: Transplantation of organ/tissues forms one species to another
    5. Domino transplant: A combined heart-lung transplant performed in a patient with end-stage lung disease, but who still has adequate heart performance. The recipient’s original heart is transplanted into another recipient in the need of one

    Transplantation in India2,3,4,5

    • In May 1965, the first ever human organ (kidney) transplant in India was conducted at the King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.2
    • The living kidney transplantation program in India is currently the second largest program in numbers after USA3
    • 61,821 organ transplants performed between 2013 and 20194
    • As of 2019, there were 550 transplant centres registered with state authorities and 140 non-transplant organ retrieval centers5

    References:

    1. Job, K. , Antony, A. . Organ Donation and Transplantation: “Life after Death”. In: Tsoulfas, G. , editor. Organ Donation and Transplantation - Current Status and Future Challenges [Internet]. London: IntechOpen; 2018 [cited 2022 Apr 07]. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/62192 doi: 10.5772/intechopen.76962
    2. Acharya V N. Status of renal transplant in India--May 1994. J Postgrad Med 1994;40:158.
    3. Shroff S. Current trends in kidney transplantation in India. Indian J Urol. 2016;32(3):173-174. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.185092
    4. Kute VB, Godara S, Guleria S, et al. Is it Safe to Be Transplanted From Living Donors Who Recovered From COVID-19? Experience of 31 Kidney Transplants in a Multicenter Cohort Study From India. Transplantation. 2021;105(4):842-850. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000003609.
    5. Ramesh V, Pal C. Organ Donation and Transplantation in India in 2019. Exp Clin Transplant. 2021 Dec;19(12):1313-1321. doi: 10.6002/ect.2021.0105. Epub 2021 Oct 19.

    Prevalence

    Transplant in 2019

    Global Data1

    153,863

    Organs Transplanted in 20191

    Fig. Transplant in 2019 Fig. Living Donors

    Transplant in India2,3,4 

    • 220,000 patients require kidney transplantation annually2
    • ~ 30,000 patients require liver transplantation annually3
    • 12,666 Organs Transplanted in 20194

    Total number of Organ transplantations in India in 20194 

    Fig. Transplant in 2019 Fig. Living Donors

    References:

    1. International Report on Organ Donation and Transplantation Activities 2019. Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation. Available online at:
      http://www.transplant-observatory.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/glorep2019.pdf (Accessed on April 04, 2022)
    2. Shroff S. Current trends in kidney transplantation in India. Indian J Urol. 2016;32(3):173-174. doi:10.4103/0970-1591.185092
    3. Directorate general of health services. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare government of india. Available at:
      https://dghs.gov.in/content/1353_3_NationalOrganTransplantProgramme.aspx
    4. Ramesh V, Pal C. Organ Donation and Transplantation in India in 2019. Exp Clin Transplant. 2021 Dec;19(12):1313-1321. doi: 10.6002/ect.2021.0105. Epub 2021 Oct 19.

    Patient Support Program Highlights

    Patient Support Program Highlights1,2,3

    • Rejection is the major barrier to successful transplantation1
    • Progress in our understanding of the immunobiology of rejection has been translated to the development of immunosuppressive agents2
    • Modern immunopharmacological interventions have contributed to the clinical success observed following transplantation2
    • In solid organ transplantation the induction of immunosuppression in the early phase is required to2
      • Prevent graft rejection
      • Improve graft and patient survival
      • Improve overall patient quality of life

    >90% graft survival one-year post transplantation with immunosuppressant

    With the immunosuppressive drugs, one-year graft survival now exceeds 90% in most centres3

    We at Viatris support needy patients to get the Tacrolimus and Everolimus level testing to maintain healthy graft and intern improve QOL.

    References:

    1. Wood KJ, Goto R. Mechanisms of rejection: Current perspectives [Internet]. Transplantation. U.S. National Library of Medicine; [cited 2022Apr20]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22138818/
    2. Hartono C, Muthukumar T, Suthanthiran M. Immunosuppressive drug therapy. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2013;3(9).
    3. Afzali B, Lechler R, Lombardi G. Graft rejection: Immunological suppression. Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. 2010.

    Product Portfolio

    Viatris and Immunosuppressants

    Viatris offers a wide range of immunosuppressant for the prevention of organ transplant in patients who have had a renal or liver transplant.

    Graftix Division Introduction

    Immunosuppressant (IS) Introduction:

    Viatris Transplant Care business redefines the healthcare landscape by planting hope and life in millions of patients

    Graft rejection is the major barrier to successful transplantation1. Viatris in collaboration with strategic partners and sales and marketing efforts helps patients to access quality medicines on time and at an affordable rate.2

    The Viatris India transplant care division strives to empower individuals to live life minus the fear of graft failure by optimizing immunosuppressant balance. Our dedicated patient support program adds an edge to the care that we extend.

    Our immunosuppressant range of products:

    • Mylimus® (Tacrolimus)
    • Lanolimus® (Everolimus)
    • Graftide M® (Mycophenolate mofetil)
    • Graftide S® (Mycophenolate sodium)

    Graftix logo

    References:

    1. Wood KJ, Goto R. Mechanisms of rejection: current perspectives. Transplantation. 2012 Jan 15;93(1):1-10.
    2. Viatris: Global Healthcare Company. Available at: https://www.viatris.com/en. Accessed on: 22 February 2022.